![]() ![]() The Indo-European family: 2 official ethnicities, the Russians and Tajiks (actually Pamiri people).The Tungusic family: Manchus (formerly), Hezhe, etc.The Mongolic family: Mongols, Dongxiang, and related groups.The Turkic family: Uyghurs, Kazakhs, Salars, etc. ![]() The Austroasiatic family: 4 official ethnicities (the De'ang, Blang, Gin (Vietnamese), and Wa).The Hmong–Mien family: 3 official ethnicities.The Tai–Kadai family: several languages spoken by the Zhuang, the Bouyei, the Dai, the Dong, and the Hlai (Li people).The Sino-Tibetan family: 19 official ethnicities (including the Han and Tibetans).Language laws of China do not apply to either Hong Kong or Macau, which have different official languages ( Cantonese, English and Portuguese) from the mainland. For example, Tibetan has official status within the Tibet Autonomous Region and Mongolian has official status within Inner Mongolia. Several other autonomous regions have additional official languages. ![]() Standard Chinese, known in China as Putonghua, based on the Mandarin dialect of Beijing, is the official national spoken language for the mainland and serves as a lingua franca within the Mandarin-speaking regions (and, to a lesser extent, across the other regions of mainland China). ![]() According to the 2019 edition of Ethnologue, 904 million people in China spoke some variety of Mandarin as their first language in 2017. The ones with greatest state support are Mongolian, Tibetan, Uyghur and Zhuang.Īccording to the 2010 edition of Nationalencyklopedin, 955 million out of China's then-population of 1.34 billion spoke some variety of Mandarin Chinese as their first language, accounting for 71% of the country's population. There are in addition approximately 300 minority languages spoken by the remaining 8% of the population of China. They differ as much from each other morphologically and phonetically as do English, German and Danish, but meanwhile share the same writing system ( Hanzi) and are mutually intelligible in written form. The Chinese (or 'Sinitic') languages are typically divided into seven major language groups, and their study is a distinct academic discipline. The predominant language is Standard Chinese, which is based on central Mandarin, but there are hundreds of related Chinese languages, collectively known as Hanyu ( simplified Chinese: 汉语 traditional Chinese: 漢語 pinyin: Hànyǔ, 'Han language'), that are spoken by 92% of the population. There are several hundred languages in China. Kazakh, Korean, Kyrgyz, Russian, Tatar, Tuvan, Uzbek, Wakhi, VietnameseĮnglish, Portuguese, French, German, Russian, Japanese Standard Mandarin, Cantonese ( Hong Kong and Macau), Portuguese ( Macau), English ( Hong Kong), Mongolian ( Inner Mongolia, Haixi in Qinghai, Bayingolin and Bortala in Xinjiang), Korean ( Yanbian in Jilin), Tibetan ( Tibet, Qinghai), Uyghur ( Xinjiang), Zhuang ( Guangxi, Wenshan in Yunnan), Kazakh ( Ili in Xinjiang), Yi ( Liangshan in Sichuan, Chuxiong and Honghe in Yunnan)Īchang, Ai-Cham, Akha, Amis, Atayal, Ayi, Äynu, Babuza, Bai, Baima, Basay, Blang, Bonan, Bunun, Buyang, Buyei, Daur, De'ang, Daerung, Dong, Dongxiang, E, Chinese Pidgin English, Ersu, Evenki, Fuyü Gïrgïs, Gelao, Groma, Hani, Hlai, Ili Turki, Iu Mien, Jingpho, Jino, Jurchen, Kanakanavu, Kangjia, Kavalan, Kim Mun, Khitan, Korean, Lahu, Lisu, Lop, Macanese, Manchu, Miao, Maonan, Mongolian, Monguor, Monpa, Mulam, Nanai, Naxi, Paiwan, Pazeh, Puyuma, Ong-Be, Oroqen, Qabiao, Qoqmončaq, Northern Qiang, Southern Qiang, Prinmi, Rukai, Russian, Saaroa, Saisiyat, Salar, Sarikoli, Seediq, She, Siraya, Sui, Tai Dam, Tai Lü, Tai Nüa, Tao, Tangut, Thao, Amdo Tibetan, Central Tibetan ( Standard Tibetan), Khams Tibetan, Tsat, Tsou, Tujia, Uyghur, Waxianghua, Wutun, Xibe, Yi, Eastern Yugur, Western Yugur, Zhaba, ZhuangĬantonese ( Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau), Hokkien ( Fujian), Shanghainese ( Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang), Hunanese ( Hunan), Jiangxinese ( Jiangxi), Hakka ( Fujian and Guangdong), Portuguese ( Macau), English ( Hong Kong), Mongolian ( Inner Mongolia, Haixi in Qinghai, Bayingolin and Bortala in Xinjiang), Korean ( Yanbian in Jilin), Tibetan ( Tibet, Qinghai)), Central Tibetan ( U-Tsang) Amdo Tibetan ( Amdo), Khams Tibetan ( Khams), Uyghur ( Xinjiang), Zhuang ( Guangxi, Wenshan in Yunnan), Kazakh ( Ili in Xinjiang), Yi ( Liangshan in Sichuan, Chuxiong and Honghe in Yunnan), Hong Kong Sign ( Hong Kong and Macau), Tibetan Sign ( Tibet) Historical distribution map of linguistic groups in Greater China ![]()
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